When finally Sweden-Finland was able, with its superior weapons, to throw the Russians back to Onega - Viena (White Sea) where the natural border should have been, the Swedish King instead attacked Denmark without provocation, and got all of Europe on his neck. Finland had to settle for unfavourable borders in the Treaty of Kardis.

The continuing misadventures of Swedish kings, who took the Finnish army away from Finland to conquer Poland (and then march on Moscow), gave the Slavs the opportunity to establish their window to the west in the Gulf of Finland. The Swedish army was so badly beaten on the same road as Napoleon, that Sweden was finished as a Baltic power. The Russians prevented supplies from getting through from Poland, and the army died of hunger and cold. The King (Charles XII) escaped to Turkey with a thousand soldiers. The Ingerian people now had new settlers on their land from the east, and the construction of a new city had begun. The goal of Russia has always been, with limited success, to move its borders to the Baltic. In 1703 Peter I established St. Petersburg on Ingerian land in the Gulf of Finland. The border would be moved west again in 1944 when Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin rearranged Europe to suit Stalin.